Konfigurasi Static Routing pada Cisco Packet Tracer

Routing merupakan proses untuk memilih jalur (path) yang harus dilalui oleh paket. Jalur yang baik tergantung pada beban jaringan, panjang datagram, type of service requested dan pola trafik. Pada umumnya skema routing hanya mempertimbangkan jalur terpendek. Adapun routing statis (static routing) biasanya dibangun dalam network yang hanya mempunyai beberapa gateway, umumnya dua atau tiga gateway. Konfigurasi static routing dibuat secara manual pada masing-masing gateway.

Konfigurasi static routing lebih tepat diimplementasikan pada network yang sederhana dan tidak sering mengalami perubahan. Jika terdapat penambahan network baru, maka administrator jaringan harus menambahkan konfigurasi routing tersebut pada masing-masing gateway.

Pada kesempatan kali ini, kita akan coba mengimplentasikan konfigurasi static routing pada jaringan yang terdiri lebih dari 3 network. Jika dilihat dari desainnya, maka jaringan ini lebih efektif menggunakan konfigurasi dynamic routing. Mari kita simak tutorialnya berikut ini.

A. Desain Jaringan

B. Konfigurasi Jaringan

Tahapan konfigurasi yang harus dilakukan pada desain jaringan WAN di atas adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Konfigurasi IP Address pada PC
2. Konfigurasi interface FastEthernet0/0 (gateway) dan Serial (Router to Router)
3. Konfigurasi routing pada Router (static/dynamic routing)

1. Konfigurasi IP Address pada PC

	Pontianak	Palangkaraya	Banjarmasin	Samarinda
IP Address	192.168.10.5	192.168.20.5	192.168.30.5	192.168.40.5
Netmask	255.255.255.0	255.255.255.0	255.255.255.0	255.255.255.0
Gateway	192.168.10.1	192.168.20.1	192.168.30.1	192.168.40.1

2. Konfigurasi Interface FastEthernet0/0 dan Serial

Router0

• Interface FastEthernet0/0 (sebagai gateway) pada jaringan Pontianak, IP Address 192.168.10.1, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
• Interface Serial2/0 terhubung ke Router1, IP Address 10.10.10.1, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252

Router>enable
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int se2/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#write
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#

Cek status IP Address interface pada Router0:

Router#show ip interface brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status            Protocol
FastEthernet0/0        192.168.10.1    YES manual up                    up
Serial2/0              10.10.10.1      YES manual up                    up
Router#

Router1

• Interface FastEthernet0/0 (sebagai gateway) pada jaringan Palangkaraya, IP Address 192.168.20.1, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
• Interface Serial2/0 terhubung ke Router0, IP Address 10.10.10.2, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252
• Interface Serial3/0 terhubung ke Router2, IP Address 20.20.20.1, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252

Router>enable
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int se2/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

Router(config)#exit
Router(config)#int se3/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.1 255.255.255.252
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial3/0, changed state to down
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#write
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#

Cek status IP Address interface pada Router1:

Router#show ip interface brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status            Protocol
FastEthernet0/0        192.168.20.1    YES manual up                    up
Serial2/0              10.10.10.2      YES manual up                    up
Serial3/0              20.20.20.1      YES manual up                    up
Router#

Router2

• Interface FastEthernet0/0 (sebagai gateway) pada jaringan Banjarmasin, IP Address 192.168.30.1, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
• Interface Serial2/0 terhubung ke Router1, IP Address 20.20.20.2, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252
• Interface Serial3/0 terhubung ke Router3, IP Address 30.30.30.1, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252

Router>enable
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int se2/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.2 255.255.255.252
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int se3/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.252
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial3/0, changed state to down
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#write
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#

Cek status IP Address interface pada Router2:

Router#show ip interface brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status            Protocol
FastEthernet0/0        192.168.30.1    YES manual up                    up
Serial2/0              20.20.20.2      YES manual up                    up
Serial3/0              30.30.30.1      YES manual up                    up
Router#

Router3

• Interface FastEthernet0/0 (sebagai gateway) pada jaringan Samarinda, IP Address 192.168.40.1, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
• Interface Serial2/0 terhubung ke Router2, IP Address 30.30.30.2, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252

Router>enable
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int se2/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 30.30.30.2 255.255.255.252
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#write
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#

Cek status IP Address interface pada Router3:

Router#show ip interface brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status            Protocol
FastEthernet0/0        192.168.40.1    YES manual up                    up
Serial2/0              30.30.30.2      YES manual up                    up
Router#

3. Konfigurasi Static Routing

Router0

Remote Network dan Next Hop:

• Palangkaraya: Network 192.168.20.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 10.10.10.2
• Banjarmasin: Network 192.168.30.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 10.10.10.2
• Samarinda: Network 192.168.40.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 10.10.10.2
• Router1-Router2: Network 20.20.20.0, Mask 255.255.255.252, Next Hop 10.10.10.2
• Router2-Router3: Network 30.30.30.0, Mask 255.255.255.252, Next Hope 10.10.10.2

Router(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2
Router(config)#ip route 20.20.20.0 255.255.255.252 10.10.10.2
Router(config)#ip route 30.30.30.0 255.255.255.252 10.10.10.2

Router1

Remote Network dan Next Hop:

• Pontianak: Network 192.168.10.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 10.10.10.1
• Banjarmasin: Network 192.168.30.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 20.20.20.2
• Samarinda: Network 192.168.40.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 20.20.20.2
• Router2-Router3: Network 30.30.30.0, Mask 255.255.255.252, Next Hop 20.20.20.2

Router(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.1
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.20.2
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.20.2
Router(config)#ip route 30.30.30.0 255.255.255.252 20.20.20.2

Router2

Remote Network dan Next Hop:

• Pontianak: Network 192.168.10.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 20.20.20.1
• Palangkaraya: Network 192.168.20.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 20.20.20.1
• Samarinda: Network 192.168.40.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 30.30.30.2
• Router0-Router1: Network 10.10.10.0, Mask 255.255.255.252, Next Hop 20.20.20.1

Router(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.20.1
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.20.1
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 30.30.30.2
Router(config)#ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.252 20.20.20.1

Router3

Remote Network dan Next Hop:

• Pontianak: Network 192.168.10.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 30.30.30.1
• Palangkaraya: Network 192.168.20.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 30.30.30.1
• Banjarmasin: Network 192.168.30.0, Mask 255.255.255.0, Next Hop 30.30.30.1
• Router0-Router1: Network 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.252 30.30.30.1
• Router1-Router2: Network 20.20.20.0 255.255.255.252 30.30.30.1

Router(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 30.30.30.1
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 30.30.30.1
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 30.30.30.1
Router(config)#ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.252 30.30.30.1
Router(config)#ip route 20.20.20.0 255.255.255.252 30.30.30.1

Cek Tabel Routing

Router0

Router(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial2/0
     20.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       20.20.20.0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2
     30.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       30.30.30.0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2
C    192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S    192.168.20.0/24 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2
S    192.168.30.0/24 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2
S    192.168.40.0/24 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2
Router(config)#

Router1

Router(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial2/0
     20.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       20.20.20.0 is directly connected, Serial3/0
     30.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       30.30.30.0 [1/0] via 20.20.20.2
S    192.168.10.0/24 [1/0] via 10.10.10.1
C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S    192.168.30.0/24 [1/0] via 20.20.20.2
S    192.168.40.0/24 [1/0] via 20.20.20.2
Router(config)#

Router2

Router(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 20.20.20.1
     20.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       20.20.20.0 is directly connected, Serial2/0
     30.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       30.30.30.0 is directly connected, Serial3/0
S    192.168.10.0/24 [1/0] via 20.20.20.1
S    192.168.20.0/24 [1/0] via 20.20.20.1
C    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S    192.168.40.0/24 [1/0] via 30.30.30.2
Router(config)#

Router3

Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 30.30.30.1
     20.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       20.20.20.0 [1/0] via 30.30.30.1
     30.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       30.30.30.0 is directly connected, Serial2/0
S    192.168.10.0/24 [1/0] via 30.30.30.1
S    192.168.20.0/24 [1/0] via 30.30.30.1
S    192.168.30.0/24 [1/0] via 30.30.30.1
C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
Router(config)#

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